Results for 'Bjørnar Julius Olsen'

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  1. Cancellation, Negation, and Rejection.Niels Skovgaard-Olsen, Peter Collins, Karolina Krzyżanowska, Ulrike Hahn & Karl Christoph Klauer - 2019 - Cognitive Psychology 108:42-71.
    In this paper, new evidence is presented for the assumption that the reason-relation reading of indicative conditionals ('if A, then C') reflects a conventional implicature. In four experiments, it is investigated whether relevance effects found for the probability assessment of indicative conditionals (Skovgaard-Olsen, Singmann, and Klauer, 2016a) can be classified as being produced by a) a conversational implicature, b) a (probabilistic) presupposition failure, or c) a conventional implicature. After considering several alternative hypotheses and the accumulating evidence from other studies (...)
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  2. The Dialogical Entailment Task.Niels Skovgaard-Olsen - 2019 - Cognition (C):104010.
    In this paper, a critical discussion is made of the role of entailments in the so-called New Paradigm of psychology of reasoning based on Bayesian models of rationality (Elqayam & Over, 2013). It is argued that assessments of probabilistic coherence cannot stand on their own, but that they need to be integrated with empirical studies of intuitive entailment judgments. This need is motivated not just by the requirements of probability theory itself, but also by a need to enhance the interdisciplinary (...)
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  3. 11 Questionnaires in realist research.Wendy Olsen, Thandie M. Hara & Sampson Edusah - 2003 - In Paul Downward (ed.), Applied economics and the critical realist critique. New York: Routledge. pp. 197.
     
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  4. Triangulation, time and the social objects of econometrics.Wendy Olsen - 2003 - In Paul Downward (ed.), Applied economics and the critical realist critique. New York: Routledge. pp. 153--69.
     
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  5. Eternal Worlds and the Best System Account of Laws.Ryan A. Olsen & Christopher Meacham - 2020 - In Valia Allori (ed.), Statistical Mechanics and Scientific Explanation: Determinism, Indeterminism and Laws of Nature. World Scientific.
    In this paper we apply the popular Best System Account of laws to typical eternal worlds – both classical eternal worlds and eternal worlds of the kind posited by popular contemporary cosmological theories. We show that, according to the Best System Account, such worlds will have no laws that meaningfully constrain boundary conditions. It’s generally thought that lawful constraints on boundary conditions are required to avoid skeptical arguments. Thus the lack of such laws given the Best System Account may seem (...)
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  6. Ranking Theory.Gabriele Kern-Isberner, Niels Skovgaard-Olsen & Wolfgang Spohn - 2021 - In Markus Knauff & Wolfgang Spohn (eds.), The Handbook of Rationality. pp. 337-345.
    Ranking theory is one of the salient formal representations of doxastic states. It differs from others in being able to represent belief in a proposition (= taking it to be true), to also represent degrees of belief (i.e. beliefs as more or less firm), and thus to generally account for the dynamics of these beliefs. It does so on the basis of fundamental and compelling rationality postulates and is hence one way of explicating the rational structure of doxastic states. Thereby (...)
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  7. Norm Conflicts and Conditionals.Niels Skovgaard-Olsen, David Kellen, Ulrike Hahn & Karl Christoph Klauer - 2019 - Psychological Review 126 (5):611-633.
    Suppose that two competing norms, N1 and N2, can be identified such that a given person’s response can be interpreted as correct according to N1 but incorrect according to N2. Which of these two norms, if any, should one use to interpret such a response? In this paper we seek to address this fundamental problem by studying individual variation in the interpretation of conditionals by establishing individual profiles of the participants based on their case judgments and reflective attitudes. To investigate (...)
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  8.  43
    The relevance effect and conditionals.Niels Skovgaard-Olsen, Henrik Singmann & Karl Christoph Klauer - 2016 - Cognition 150 (C):26-36.
    More than a decade of research has found strong evidence for P(if A, then C) = P(C|A) (“the Equation”). We argue, however, that this hypothesis provides an overly simplified picture due to its inability to account for relevance. We manipulated relevance in the evaluation of the probability and acceptability of indicative conditionals and found that relevance moderates the effect of P(C|A). This corroborates the Default and Penalty Hypothesis put forward in this paper. Finally, the probability and acceptability of concessive conditionals (...)
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  9.  82
    Conceptual exclusion and public reason.Brandon Morgan-Olsen - 2010 - Philosophy of the Social Sciences 40 (2):213-243.
    Deliberative democratic theorists typically use accounts of public reason— that is, constraints on the types of reasons one can invoke in public, political discourse—as a tool to resist political exclusion; at its most basic level, the aim of a theory of public reason is to prevent situations in which powerful majority groups are able to justify policy choices based on reasons that are not even assessable by minority groups. However, I demonstrate here that a type of exclusion I call "conceptual (...)
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  10.  68
    Technology and science epistemology, rationality and the empirical turn.Jan Kyrre Berg Olsen & Frederik Voetmann Christiansen - 2009 - Synthese 168 (3):313-318.
    Introduction to special issue of Synthese.
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  11. Temporalitet og realisme.Jan-Kyrre Berg Olsen - 2001 - Norsk Filosofisk Tidsskrift 36 (1-2).
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  12.  19
    Social dimensions of law and justice.Julius Stone - 1966 - Holmes Beach, Fla.: Gaunt.
  13. Relevance differently affects the truth, acceptability, and probability evaluations of “and”, “but”, “therefore”, and “if–then”.Niels Skovgaard-Olsen, David Kellen, Hannes Krahl & Karl Christoph Klauer - 2017 - Thinking and Reasoning 23 (4):449-482.
    In this study we investigate the influence of reason-relation readings of indicative conditionals and ‘and’/‘but’/‘therefore’ sentences on various cognitive assessments. According to the Frege-Grice tradition, a dissociation is expected. Specifically, differences in the reason-relation reading of these sentences should affect participants’ evaluations of their acceptability but not of their truth value. In two experiments we tested this assumption by introducing a relevance manipulation into the truth-table task as well as in other tasks assessing the participants’ acceptability and probability evaluations. Across (...)
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  14. Conditionals and the Hierarchy of Causal Queries.Niels Skovgaard-Olsen, Simon Stephan & Michael R. Waldmann - 2021 - Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 1 (12):2472-2505.
    Recent studies indicate that indicative conditionals like "If people wear masks, the spread of Covid-19 will be diminished" require a probabilistic dependency between their antecedents and consequents to be acceptable (Skovgaard-Olsen et al., 2016). But it is easy to make the slip from this claim to the thesis that indicative conditionals are acceptable only if this probabilistic dependency results from a causal relation between antecedent and consequent. According to Pearl (2009), understanding a causal relation involves multiple, hierarchically organized conceptual (...)
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  15. Relevance and Reason Relations.Niels Skovgaard-Olsen, Henrik Singmann & Karl Christoph Klauer - 2017 - Cognitive Science 41 (S5):1202-1215.
    This paper examines precursors and consequents of perceived relevance of a proposition A for a proposition C. In Experiment 1, we test Spohn's assumption that ∆P = P − P is a good predictor of ratings of perceived relevance and reason relations, and we examine whether it is a better predictor than the difference measure − P). In Experiment 2, we examine the effects of relevance on probabilistic coherence in Cruz, Baratgin, Oaksford, and Over's uncertain “and-to-if” inferences. The results suggest (...)
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  16. Motivating the Relevance Approach to Conditionals.Niels Skovgaard-Olsen - 2016 - Mind and Language 31 (5):555-579.
    The aim is to motivate theoretically a relevance approach to conditionals in a comparative discussion of the main alternatives. In particular, it will be argued that a relevance approach to conditionals is better motivated than the suppositional theory currently enjoying wide endorsement. In the course of this discussion, an argument will be presented for why failures of the epistemic relevance of the antecedent for the consequent should be counted as genuine semantic defects. Furthermore, strategies for dealing with compositionality and the (...)
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  17. Ranking Theory and Conditional Reasoning.Niels Skovgaard-Olsen - 2016 - Cognitive Science 40 (4):848-880.
    Ranking theory is a formal epistemology that has been developed in over 600 pages in Spohn's recent book The Laws of Belief, which aims to provide a normative account of the dynamics of beliefs that presents an alternative to current probabilistic approaches. It has long been received in the AI community, but it has not yet found application in experimental psychology. The purpose of this paper is to derive clear, quantitative predictions by exploiting a parallel between ranking theory and a (...)
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  18.  51
    A Duty to Listen.Brandon Morgan-Olsen - 2013 - Social Theory and Practice 39 (2):185-212.
    It is a common line in democratic theory that citizens must only offer “public” reasons into political discourse. This is a civic obligation that is traditionally taken bypolitical liberals to fall on the citizen as speaker—as an individual who forwards political arguments. I argue here that taking proper account of the epistemic complexity involved in distinguishing public from nonpublic reasons entails robust civic obligations on listeners. Thus, those who accept this obligation for speakers must accept a corresponding civic obligation on (...)
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  19.  9
    A Duty to Listen.Brandon Morgan-Olsen - 2013 - Social Theory and Practice 39 (2):185-212.
    It is a common line in democratic theory that citizens must only offer “public” reasons into political discourse. This is a civic obligation that is traditionally taken bypolitical liberals to fall on the citizen as speaker—as an individual who forwards political arguments. I argue here that taking proper account of the epistemic complexity involved in distinguishing public from nonpublic reasons entails robust civic obligations on listeners. Thus, those who accept this obligation for speakers must accept a corresponding civic obligation on (...)
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  20. Indicatives, Subjunctives, and the Falsity of the Antecedent.Niels Skovgaard-Olsen & Peter Collins - 2021 - Cognitive Science 45 (11):e13058.
    It is widely held that there are important differences between indicative conditionals (e.g. “If the authors are linguists, they have written a linguistics paper”) and subjunctive conditionals (e.g. “If the authors had been linguists, they would have written a linguistics paper”). A central difference is that indicatives and subjunctives convey different stances towards the truth of their antecedents. Indicatives (often) convey neutrality: for example, about whether the authors in question are linguists. Subjunctives (often) convey the falsity of the antecedent: for (...)
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  21.  10
    Physical Couple and Family Violence Among Clients Seeking Therapy: Identifiers and Predictors.Rune Zahl-Olsen, Nicolay Gausel, Agnes Zahl-Olsen, Thomas Bjerregaard Bertelsen, Aashild Tellefsen Haaland & Terje Tilden - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
    IntroductionCouple violence (CV) affects many, and the consequences of those actions are grave, not only for the individual suffering at the hand of the perpetrator but also for the other persons in the family. Violence often happens among more than just the adults within one family. Even if CV has been thoroughly investigated in the general population very few studies have investigated this objective on a clinical sample, and none of these have included family violence.AimThis article identifies and describes the (...)
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  22.  41
    Environmental problems and ethical jurisdiction: the case concerning Texaco in Ecuador.Janeen Olsen - 2001 - Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility 10 (1):71-77.
    Determining the ethical standards to apply to environmental issues presents a difficult dilemma for many managers. The many stakeholders to whom managers must answer tend to view environmental issues quite differently. Multinational corporations often encounter attitudes toward environmental protection in other countries that are quite different from those found in their domestic market. Corporate policy makers must address the national differences in values when determining ethically acceptable behavior. Using the case of Texaco and its alleged contamination of Ecuador’s Amazon jungle (...)
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  23.  27
    Inheriting Abraham: The Legacy of the Patriarch in Judaism, Christianity and Islam.Glenn W. Olsen - 2012 - The European Legacy 20 (5):568-569.
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  24. The problem of logical omniscience, the preface paradox, and doxastic commitments.Niels Skovgaard-Olsen - 2017 - Synthese 194 (3):917-939.
    The main goal of this paper is to investigate what explanatory resources Robert Brandom’s distinction between acknowledged and consequential commitments affords in relation to the problem of logical omniscience. With this distinction the importance of the doxastic perspective under consideration for the relationship between logic and norms of reasoning is emphasized, and it becomes possible to handle a number of problematic cases discussed in the literature without thereby incurring a commitment to revisionism about logic. One such case in particular is (...)
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  25.  24
    Emotion and Meaning in Music.Julius Portnoy - 1957 - Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 16 (2):285-286.
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  26. Geschichte der Internationale.Julius Braunthal, Jacques Freymond, George Woodcock, Gilbert Badia, Harvey Goldberg & Pierre Angel - 1964 - Science and Society 28 (1):48-63.
     
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  27. A lifeworld account to personal identity.Erik Dwitza-Olsen - 2020 - In Christian Tewes & Giovanni Stanghellini (eds.), Time and Body: Phenomenological and Psychopathological Approaches. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
     
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  28. Putting Inferentialism and the Suppositional Theory of Conditionals to the Test.Niels Skovgaard-Olsen - 2017 - Dissertation, University of Freiburg
    This dissertation is devoted to empirically contrasting the Suppositional Theory of conditionals, which holds that indicative conditionals serve the purpose of engaging in hypothetical thought, and Inferentialism, which holds that indicative conditionals express reason relations. Throughout a series of experiments, probabilistic and truth-conditional variants of Inferentialism are investigated using new stimulus materials, which manipulate previously overlooked relevance conditions. These studies are some of the first published studies to directly investigate the central claims of Inferentialism empirically. In contrast, the Suppositional Theory (...)
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  29.  34
    The Critical Theory of Jürgen Habermas.Julius Sensat - 1978 - Studies in Soviet Thought 23 (1):77-79.
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  30. Truth, fiction, and literature: a philosophical perspective.Peter Lamarque & Stein Haugom Olsen - 1994 - New York: Oxford University Press. Edited by Stein Haugom Olsen.
    This book examines the complex and varied ways in which fictions relate to the real world, and offers a precise account of how imaginative works of literature can use fictional content to explore matters of universal human interest. While rejecting the traditional view that literature is important for the truths that it imparts, the authors also reject attempts to cut literature off altogether from real human concerns. Their detailed account of fictionality, mimesis, and cognitive value, founded on the methods of (...)
  31. Many-times huge and superhuge cardinals.Julius B. Barbanel, Carlos A. Diprisco & It Beng Tan - 1984 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 49 (1):112-122.
  32. Possible worlds truth table task.Niels Skovgaard-Olsen, Peter Collins & Karl Christoph Klauer - 2023 - Cognition 238 (105507):1-24.
    In this paper, a novel experimental task is developed for testing the highly influential, but experimentally underexplored, possible worlds account of conditionals (Stalnaker, 1968; Lewis, 1973). In Experiment 1, this new task is used to test both indicative and subjunctive conditionals. For indicative conditionals, five competing truth tables are compared, including the previously untested, multi-dimensional possible worlds semantics of Bradley (2012). In Experiment 2, these results are replicated and it is shown that they cannot be accounted for by an alternative (...)
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  33.  29
    Volitional facilitation of difficult intentions: joint activation of intention memory and positive affect removes stroop interference.Julius Kuhl & Miguel Kazén - 1999 - Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 128 (3):382.
  34. Invariance violations and the CNI model of moral judgments.Niels Skovgaard-Olsen & Karl Christoph Klauer - 2023 - Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1.
    A number of papers have applied the CNI model of moral judgments to investigate deontological and consequentialist response tendencies (Gawronski et al., 2017). A controversy has emerged concerning the methodological assumptions of the CNI model (Baron & Goodwin, 2020, 2021; Gawronski et al. 2020). In this paper, we contribute to this debate by extending the CNI paradigm with a skip option. This allows us to test an invariance assumption that the CNI model shares with prominent process-dissociation models in cognitive and (...)
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  35.  19
    The dynamic theory of achievement motivation: From episodic to dynamic thinking.Julius Kuhl & Virginia Blankenship - 1979 - Psychological Review 86 (2):141-151.
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  36. Norm Conflicts and Epistemic Modals.Niels Skovgaard-Olsen & John Cantwell - 2023 - Cognitive Psychology 145 (101591):1-30.
    Statements containing epistemic modals (e.g., “by spring 2023 most European countries may have the Covid-19 pandemic under control”) are common expressions of epistemic uncertainty. In this paper, previous published findings (Knobe & Yalcin, 2014; Khoo & Phillips, 2018) on the opposition between Contextualism and Relativism for epistemic modals are re-examined. It is found that these findings contain a substantial degree of individual variation. To investigate whether participants differ in their interpretation of epistemic modals, an experiment with multiple phases and sessions (...)
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  37.  13
    Intention and Interpretation.Stein Haugom Olsen - 1993 - Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 51 (4):627-628.
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  38.  3
    El Derecho natural en Alberdi.Olsen A. Ghirardi - 1997 - Córdoba [Argentina]: Ediciones del Copista.
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  39.  12
    The concept of literary genre.Olsen Stein Haugom - 2018 - Metodo. International Studies in Phenomenology and Philosophy 6 (1):41-71.
    Genre theory, as it has developed in the last forty years, has made use of what I call a constitutive concept of genre, a concept that has built into it the assumption that genre plays a central epistemic role in the interpretation of verbal discourse. In this paper I argue that there are theoretical problems with such a concept that have not been recognized and that make it unsuitable as a critical instrument in literary history and literary studies. A fruitful (...)
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  40.  3
    Zeitmasse: et humanvidenskabeligt eksperiment.Kasper Nefer Olsen - 1996 - Århus: Aarhus universitetsforlag.
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  41. Lucky joint action.Julius Schönherr - 2018 - Philosophical Psychology 32 (1):123-142.
    In this paper, I argue that joint action permits a certain degree of luck. The cases I have in mind exhibit the following structure: each participant believes that the intended ends of each robustly support the joint action. This belief turns out to be false. Due to lucky circumstances, the discordance in intention never becomes common knowledge. However, common knowledge of the relevant intentions would have undermined the joint action altogether. The analysis of such cases shows the extent to which (...)
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  42. Interpretation and misinterpretation of the categorical imperative.Julius Ebbinghaus - 1954 - Philosophical Quarterly 4 (15):97-108.
  43.  36
    An exploration of social identity: The structure of the BBC news-sharing community on Twitter.Julius Adebayo, Musso Tiziana, Kawandeep Virdee, Casey Friedman & Bar-Yam Yaneer - 2014 - Complexity 19 (5):55-63.
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  44. A note on a result of Kunen and Pelletier.Julius B. Barbanel - 1992 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 57 (2):461-465.
    Suppose that U and U' are normal ultrafilters associated with some supercompact cardinal. How may we compare U and U'? In what ways are they similar, and in what ways are they different? Partial answers are given in [1], [2], [3], [5], [6], and [7]. In this paper, we continue this study. In [6], Menas introduced a combinatorial principle χ(U) of normal ultrafilters U associated with supercompact cardinals, and showed that normal ultrafilters satisfying this property also satisfying this property also (...)
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  45.  6
    Sacred Science?: On Science and its Interrelations with Religious Worldviews.Simen Andersen Øyen & Tone Lund-Olsen (eds.) - 2012 - Wageningen Academic Publishers.
    "Science and religion are often viewed as dichotomies. But although our contemporary society is often perceived as a rationalization process, we still need broad, metaphysical beliefs outside of what can be proven empirically. Rituals and symbols remain at the core of modern life. Do our concepts of science and religion require revitalization? Can science itself be considered a religion, a belief, or an ideology? Science's authority and prestige allows for little in the way of alternate approaches not founded in empirical (...)
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  46.  12
    [Omnibus Review].Julius B. Barbanel - 1991 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 56 (3):1097-1098.
    Reviewed Works:M. Magidor, Combinatorial Characterization of Supercompact Cardinals.Carlos A. Di Prisco, William S. Zwicker, Flipping Properties and Supercompact Cardinals.Donna M. Carr, $P_\kappa\lambda$-Generalizations of Weak Compactness.Donna M. Carr, The Structure of Ineffability Properties of $P_\kappa\lambda$.Donna M. Carr, $P_\kappa\lambda$ Partition Relations.Donna M. Carr, A Note on the $\lambda$-Shelah Property.
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    Julius Goldstein: der jüdische Philosoph in seinen Tagebüchern: 1873-1929, Hamburg, Jena, Darmstadt.Julius Goldstein - 2008 - Wiesbaden: Kommission für die Geschichte der Juden in Hessen. Edited by Uwe Zuber.
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  48.  40
    John Locke. [REVIEW]Julius R. Weinberg - 1940 - Philosophical Review 49 (1):83-85.
  49. Truth, Fiction and Literature: a Philosophical Perspective.Peter Lamarque & Stein Olsen - 1997 - Philosophical Quarterly 47 (187):241-243.
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  50.  9
    The Civil War.Julius Caesar - 2008 - Oxford University Press UK.
    `All over Italy men were conscripted, and weapons requisitioned; money was exacted from towns, and taken from shrines; and all the laws of god and man were overturned.' The Civil War is Caesar's masterly account of the celebrated war between himself and his great rival Pompey, from the crossing of the Rubicon in January 49 B.C. to Pompey's death and the start of the Alexandrian War in the autumn of the following year. His unfinished account of the continuing struggle with (...)
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